Breast milk, Cow's milk, Formulas, hypoallergenic formulas. which is best for baby and why?

Mothers’ own milk is considered to be the best source of infant nutrition.
Infant formulas tries to mimic of breastmilk, as closely as possible, but breastmilk is still best food for infant. Moreover,
The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six month of life.
Formulas commonly are based on cow’s milk or soymilk.
Human milk Composition:
Human breast milk is a complex matrix with a general composition of 87% water, 3.8% fat, 1.0% protein, and 7% lactose. The fats and lactose is the main source of energy.
However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time, adapting itself to the changing needs of the growing child.
There are two classes of protein in breast milk: Casein and whey. Casein becomes clots or curds in the stomach; while whey remains as a liquid and is easier to digest. Human milk contains predominantly whey proteins, While in cow milk, main protein is casein.
Traditionally, infant formulas are high in casein, making them harder to digest compared to human breast milk.
Fats are the most important composition of breast milk, supplying energy and helping the development of the central nervous system. Moreover, milk fat is a carrier of taste and aroma.
Human milk also contains essential fatty acids. EPA and it later converted to DHA. EPA and DHA are important for regulating growth, inflammatory responses, immune function, vision, cognitive development and motor systems in newborns.
Human breast milk contains adequate amounts of most vitamins to support normal infant growth, except for vitamins D and K. Infants who are exclusively breastfeeding, are at the risk for vitamin D deficiency.
High doses maternal supplementation of Vitamin D is solution. Higher then 2000IU daily.
Also, Sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation are recommended for breastfed infant.
Vitamin K is essential to the protein involved in blood coagulation.
newborn infant often has an extremely low concentration of vitamin K, and is at risk of developing hemorrhagic disease. After birth, vitamin K supplementation is recommended.
Formulas:
Infant formulas are available in three forms: 1. powder: The least expensive form of infant formula that must be mixed with water before feeding; 2. liquid: Concentrated liquid that must be mixed with an equal amount of water; and 3. ready-to-feed: The most expensive form of infant formula that requires no mixing.
There are three major classes of infant formulas: Cow-milk based formula, soy-based formula and specialized formula.
Bovine milk is the basis for most infant formula. Cow-milk-based infant formula contains added vegetable oils, vitamins, minerals and iron for consumption by most healthy full term infants.
It worth notice that, high protein content in infant formulas are associated excessive weight gain and increased risk of obesity in later life.
Formulas made from soy proteins are effective options for infants with galactosemia or congenital lactase deficiency. They help with colic and milk allergies, however, rarely, infants who are allergic to cow’s milk may also be allergic to soymilk.
Soy products should not be used in infants under six months of age with food allergy.

Raw Cow milk
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children under one year of age should not be fed raw, unmodified, or unpasteurized cow’s milk as a replacement for human milk or infant formula.
additionally, unmodified milk does not provide enough vitamin E, iron or essential fatty acids. Moreover, infants’ systems cannot handle the high levels of protein, sodium, and potassium of unmodified cow milk.
Cow’s milk is one of the first foods introduced into an infant’s diet and one of the most common causes of food allergy.
Symptoms of cow milk allergy may be immediate or delayed. IgE-associated mechanisms are responsible for approximately 60% of cow milk-induced adverse reactions. These typically appear immediately or within 1 to 2 h after ingestion, and tend to affect the skin, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, cow milk allergy can also cause systemic anaphylactic reactions.
Hypoallergenic Formulas
Protein hydrolysate formulas are meant for infants and babies who are unable to tolerate cow milk or soy-based formulas. They contain protein that has been hydrolyzed—partially or extensively—into smaller sizes than those found in cow or soy-based products. For infants who have a protein allergy, extensively hydrolyzed formulas are a satisfactory alternative.
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