'Dracula' by Bram Stoker is a Gothic novel first published in 1897, was the most popular literary work concerning vampire legends and became the basis of an entire genre of literature. Before writing Dracula, Bram Stoker spent years researching European folklore and stories of vampires. The reputation for cruelty of the Romanian ruler, Wallachia Vlad III Dracula (1456-1462), which Stoker first learnt about in 1881, inspired the name of Count Dracula. Vlad III killed his enemies by driving stakes through them. He is said to have dined among his dying victims and dipped his bread in their blood. Dracula was not an immediate bestseller, but gained popularity in the 20th century when the story was adapted into films and plays. The novel tells the story of Dracula, a vampire, and his attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of people led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. A vampire is originally a character in European folklore, who is a corpse supposed to leave its grave at night, since sunlight weakens its powers, to drink the blood of the living by biting their necks with long pointed canine teeth. They are said to be a predatory species, who have supernatural strength and agility, in addition to immortality. They can only be killed if a stake is driven through their hearts. The idea of vampires is mainly an articulation of the fear of the darkness in man’s subconscious mind. The characteristics of vampires have evolved over time with the evolution of human beings, making them more modern and human-like. Dracula is an epistolary novel, told through letters, diary entries, newspaper articles, and journals. The novel unfolds chronologically, set mostly in Transylvania and England, between 3 May and 6 November.
Dracula by Bram Stoker had definitely materialized the age-old European folklores of undead creatures of the night preying on human blood. This novel was the first in a series of vampire-centric stories, movies and plays. With the modernization and evolution of man, the idea of vampires has also been humanized. The vampire species is now considered to be made up of different kinds of people: good and bad, kind and cruel, beautiful and monstrous, just like human beings. They have been portrayed to have painful pasts, loving hearts and civil minds. Over the years, they have been shown to have new abilities such as mind compulsion, sunlight rings and many more. There have been several modern vampire novels and movies, for example, Twilight by Stephenie Meyer, The Vampire Diaries by L.J Smith, Dead Until Dark by Charlaine Harris and Salem’s Lot by Stephen King. These are some of the most celebrated vampire novels and movies of the 21st century.
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