Biology | Class 12 CBSE Board Exam Special 2025 | Most Important Diagram | by Himani Ma'am

Some important topics from Class 12 Biology are as per the NCERT syllabus. These topics are crucial for CBSE board exams 2025 and competitive exams like NEET.
1. Reproduction
Reproduction in Organisms: Asexual and sexual reproduction.
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, and embryo development.
Reproductive Health: Contraceptives, ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies), and population control.
2. Genetics and Evolution
Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendel's laws, dihybrid cross, linkage and recombination, and chromosomal disorders.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, and human genome project.
Evolution: Origin of life, evidences of evolution, Darwin’s theory, Hardy-Weinberg principle.
3. Ecology and Environment
Organisms and Populations: Ecosystem components, adaptations, and population interactions.
Biodiversity and Conservation: Importance of biodiversity, hotspots, conservation strategies.
Environmental Issues: Pollution, global warming, and sustainable development.