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Java Island is the most populous island in Indonesia, home to over half of the country’s population despite being only the fifth-largest island. Its high population density is driven by a combination of historical, economic, and geographic factors.

As the political and economic heart of Indonesia, Java hosts the capital city, Jakarta, and other major cities like Surabaya and Bandung. Its fertile volcanic soil has supported agriculture for centuries, attracting settlers and sustaining high food production. The island's strategic location along important trade routes has also contributed to its rapid urbanization and industrialization.

Java's well-developed infrastructure, including extensive transportation networks, education institutions, and business hubs, continues to draw people from across Indonesia in search of better opportunities. These factors have made Java the center of Indonesia’s economy, culture, and governance, cementing its status as the nation's most populous island.
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