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Importance of Millets:
Millets are a group of small-seeded annual grasses that are grown as grain crops primarily on marginal land in dry areas and belong to the Poaceae family. Millets are the ancient food grains first domesticated for food and grown in 131 countries. Millets are the traditional food for 59 crore people in Asia and Africa.

Millets are the only crop that will address important issues in the future like food, feed, fuel, malnutrition, health, and Climate Change. Millets are adapted to many ecological conditions demanding less water and inputs and fit well even in infertile soil.

There are nine types of Millet grown in India. The major millets are Sorghum, Pearl Millet, and Finger Millet covering 95% of the total millet growing area in India, and the rest 5% are Little Millet, Foxtail Millet, Barnyard Millet, Proso Millet, Kodo Millet, Browntop Millet.

Millets are the storehouse of nutrition, and now they are known as Nutri-Cereals. Millets are unique in terms of nutrients and health benefits. So, millets are miraculous.
Pearl Millet contains the highest iron content. It is about 4 to 8 mg per 100 gm of grain and has the ability to tackle anemia in India. It is also rich in Zinc and Folic acid and recommended for pregnant women. Pearl Millet contains 2 times more protein than milk.
The recent systematic review and Meta-analysis of millets have given us enough evidence of the potential of millets for managing and reducing diabetes. The low glycemic index of millet helps to manage diabetes.

Finger Millet, known as Ragi, has the highest Calcium content of about 364 mg per 100 gm of grains. It is 3 times more Calcium than milk. This Calcium dense grain keeps the bones and teeth strong.
Millets are rich in dietary fiber and help in digestion and prevent constipation. Kodo Millet contains high dietary fiber that is 3 times more than wheat and maize and 10 times more than rice. The high fiber content in millets acts as a pre-biotic and thus helps to maintain a healthy gut microbiome.
Millets are absolutely gluten-free, and it is good for celiac patients. Millets are rich in antioxidants which protect our cells from free radicals.

A recent study showed that millets can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Millets help in weight loss. The specific content of millets, like dietary fiber, Policosnols, and Tryptophan, helps in weight loss.

Besides health benefits, millets are resilient to climate change as they are adapted to a wide range of temperatures and moisture regimes and demand less input to grow. They are hardy crops that have low carbon & water footprints. It can sustain drought, and even 350-400 mm of rainfall is sufficient for millets. Millets grow faster, putting less stress on the environment.

The intercropping of millets with other crops is beneficial because the fibrous roots of millet plants help in improving the soil quality and check the water run-off, thereby restoring natural ecosystems.
The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring 2023 as the International year of Millets, as proposed by India to the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the primary aim of this initiative is to increase the awareness of millets health benefits among the people and their suitability for cultivation under tough conditions marked by climate change.

The value of millets is evident in their relevance to the sustainable development goals of food security, nutritional security, and poverty eradication.
Finally, the Millets are the future of food and farming.