Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

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Hypothenar Eminence:
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- muscles of hypothenar eminence are abductor, flexor, opponens digiti minimi, & palmaris brevis;
- muscles of hypothenar eminence are innervated by ulnar nerve;

Thenar Eminence:
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- muscles of thenar eminence are APB, flexor pollicis brevis, & opponens pollicis;
- muscles of thenar eminence, w/ exception of deep head of FPB, which is innervated by ulnar nerve, are supplied by median;
- all thenar & hypothenar muscles, except abductor minimi, originate partly from transverse carpal ligament;
- their insertions are primarily on base of proximal phalanx of thumb & little finger, except for both opponens muscles,
which insert on their respective metacarpals.

- Interossei:
- anatomy:
- 7 in number, 4 are dorsal & 3 volar.
- their origin is from the metacarpal shafts.
- dorsal interossei:
- 1st & 4th dorsal interossei insert on radial aspect of index & ulnar side of ring fingers;
- 2nd & 3rd insert on radial & ulnar sides of long finger respectively;
- occassionally, short masses of muscle originate from carpal bones or from base of metacarpals on dorsum
of hand & appear as enlargements similar to cysts or other bone or soft tissue lesions;
- these accessory muscle masses are similar to muscle belly of extensor digitorum brevis on the dorsum of the foot;
- recognition of these muscle abnormalities is important in diff dx;
- dorsal Interossie abduct index & ring fingers & adduct long finger to either side of a line drawn through its longitudinal axis;
- palmar interossei:
- 1st volar interosseous inserts on ulnar side of index digit, and 2nd & 3rd insert on radial aspect of ring and little fingers;
- volar interossei are thus positioned to adduct these digits toward the long finger;
- site of insertion of these muscles accounts for development of ulnar deviation of little finger if motor branch of ulnar nerve is injured;
- interossei, along w/ 4 lumbricals, also flex MP & extend IP joints;
- radial interossei tend to insert into bone w/ lesser insertions into extensor hood;
- volar interossei & lumbricals usually insert into lateral band expansion;
- lumbricales arise from tendonns of FDP in mid-palmar area & insert into radial aspect of dorsal hood.
- innervation:
- all interossei & 3rd & 4th lumbricale s are innervated by ulnar nerve;
- first and second lumbricales are supplied by median;

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