Mechanics of respiration physiology | Alveolar and pleural pressures | Respiratory physiology

Physiology lecture on respiratory system physiology explains mechanics of respiration

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The term mechanics of respiration refers to the forces, pressure and volume changes that occur in the thoracic cage and the lungs so that the air can move into the lungs during inspiration and out during expiration.

The lungs are housed inside the thoracic cage. Both lungs and thoracic cage are elastic structures, that is they can expand and recoil back to their respective resting positions. When seen independently the resting position of lungs is collapsed while thoracic cavity is in much more expanded position. But in an intact human body, lungs are housed inside the thoracic cavity separated by pleural membranes. Since the natural tendency of thoracic cage is to move outwards and that of lungs is to move inwards, these opposite forces act on each other. This keeps the lungs a bit expanded and the thoracic cage a bit collapsed from their resting positions respectively. Because of these opposing forces, layers of pleura also tend to move to opposite sides, parietal pleura with thoracic cage and visceral pleura with lungs. This creates a negative pressure inside the pleural cavity of -5 cm H2O.

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Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
01:23 Position of lungs and thoracic cage
02:42 Negative pleural pressure creation
04:47 Volumes and pressure at equilibrium
05:10 How inspiration occurs?
06:24 Volumes and pressure during inspiration
07:22 How expiration occurs?
08:40 Forced inspiration and expiration


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