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In this episode of The Proof, I’m joined once again by two of the world’s leading lipid experts, Dr Tom Dayspring and Dr Dan Soffer. Together we take a deep dive into the world of lipid-lowering therapy: what these medicines are, how they work, and what decades of clinical trials reveal about their impact on cardiovascular health.
From statins and ezetimibe to PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, and beyond, we explore the mechanisms, safety profiles, and effectiveness of different therapies. We also cover the nuances of guidelines, primordial prevention, and whether people should consider treatment earlier in life. Along the way, Tom offers a fascinating historical tour through landmark trials, while Dan brings a clinician’s perspective on evidence-based practice and patient care.
What We Cover:
What lipid-lowering therapy actually is
Statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors
How these drugs work and who benefits most
Absolute vs relative risk reduction explained
Guidelines vs clinical practice
New therapies and future directions
Lipoprotein(a): risk and emerging treatments
And much more
This episode will help you better understand the medicines used to reduce cardiovascular risk and how they fit into the bigger picture of prevention and long-term health.
Timestamps:
00:00:00 Intro: What Are Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs and How Do They Work?
00:05:00 How Do Cholesterol-Lowering Medications Lower Heart Risk?
00:09:29 Who Should Start Statins or Other Cholesterol Drugs?
00:22:54 Landmark Cholesterol Trials That Changed Heart Disease Treatment
00:37:35 Do Fibrates Still Matter for High Triglycerides?
00:43:38 Ezetimibe & PCSK9 Inhibitors: Do They Add Benefits Beyond Statins?
00:53:09 CLEAR Outcomes Trial: What It Means for Statin-Intolerant Patients
00:54:52 Bempedoic Acid vs Statins: Effectiveness, Side Effects & Cost
01:02:57 What Do Statin Trials Really Show? Heart Attacks, Death & Risk Reduction
01:13:14 When to Use Low vs High-Intensity Statins (and Add Ezetimibe)
01:16:39 Hydrophilic vs Lipophilic Statins: What’s the Difference?
01:21:25 Do Statins Affect the Brain or Your Body’s Cholesterol?
01:28:16 PCSK9 Therapies Explained: Antibodies, siRNA, Oral Drugs & Gene Editing
01:34:21 What’s the Best Combination Therapy After Statins?
01:36:37 LDL Guidelines Explained: Thresholds vs Goals
01:44:14 The Most Up-to-Date Cholesterol Guidelines (2025)
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Enjoy, friends.
Simon
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Simon Hill, MSc, BSc (Hons)
Creator of http://theproof.com/
Host of https://theproof.com/podcast/
Author of https://theproof.com/book/
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