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Learn how to dynamically set environment variables in your Jenkins pipeline with our step-by-step guide. Simplify your CI/CD process by keeping your code DRY and efficient.
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How to Dynamically Set Environment Variables in a Scripted Jenkins Pipeline

In the world of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD), Jenkins has remained a powerhouse due to its flexibility and robustness. One of the common tasks in Jenkins pipelines is setting environment variables, especially when working with scripted pipelines. However, many users encounter challenges when trying to make their environment variable declarations dynamic. In this guide, we will explore how to effectively set environment variables in a scripted Jenkins pipeline while maintaining a DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) approach.

The Problem

You may find yourself in a situation where you need to set environment variables dynamically in your Jenkins pipeline, much like the following example:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

The goal here is to generate different stages in a Jenkins pipeline dynamically, each with its environment variables defined as parameters. However, when attempting to use the environment {} block in a scripted pipeline, you might run into issues where the environment variables aren’t recognized during execution, as they may return null.

The Solution: Using withEnv([])

After some exploration, a simpler solution can be found using the withEnv([]) step. This approach allows for a more dynamic and flexible means of defining environment variables. Let’s break down the solution:

Step 1: Create a Dynamic Stage Function

Here’s how a scripted function can look using withEnv([]):

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Explanation:

The generateStage function takes multiple parameters, including listOfEnvVarDeclarations, which is a list of environment variable declarations.

The withEnv() block is then used inside the stage, allowing the variables to be set and available during the stage execution.

Step 2: Call the Function with Environment Variables

Now, when you want to invoke this function to generate a stage, you can do it as follows:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Adding Multiple Variables:

You can also extend the list to include multiple environment variables:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Summary

By using the withEnv([]) method, you can easily maintain a dynamic and scalable Jenkins pipeline while simplifying your environment variable setup. This approach not only keeps your code DRY but also enhances readability and flexibility.

Conclusion

Setting environment variables dynamically in Jenkins may seem daunting, but with tools like withEnv([]) at your disposal, it becomes a manageable and efficient task. Embracing these techniques will not only improve your pipeline's efficacy but will also save you time in the long run.

Now you’re ready to take your Jenkins pipeline to the next level with dynamic environment variables!