Скачать или смотреть Cardiac & ECG Physiology | T Wave Shape – Understanding Ventricular Repolarisation

USMLE aspirants & medical students: Master T wave physiology in 1.5 minutes.
Why is the T wave normally concordant with the QRS complex (positive in lead II)?
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👉What's in this video:
How to easily learn difficult things in cardiac and ECG physiology -
This short and concise video focuses on the cardiac repolarisation mechanisms behind T wave shape and polarity, simple and clear.

Ventricular repolarisation and the T wave:
The T wave reflects ventricular repolarisation. Its typical upright polarity arises because epicardial cells repolarise earlier than endocardial cells, creating a net repolarisation vector that often aligns with the main depolarisation axis.

Lead orientation:
T wave polarity generally follows QRS in limb and lateral precordial leads.
aVR: Commonly negative;
V1–V2: T wave polarity can be variable and age‑dependent.
These points frame T wave shape only—this is not a full 12‑lead interpretation lesson.

What shapes the T wave (brief):
Transmural gradients: Epicardium vs. endocardium recovery timing.
Action potential dispersion: Phase 3 differences, rate dependence, and symmetry.
Additional factor influencing the T wave:
Coronary perfusion of the left ventricle is limited during systole because intramyocardial pressure compresses vessels, while most flow occurs during diastole. This diastolic‑dominant perfusion contributes to repolarisation gradients, subtly shaping the T wave polarity and amplitude.

Why this matters:
Understanding T wave shape and polarity helps you recognise meaningful changes (e.g., inversion, broadening, flattening) in proper clinical context—without overstating the scope in a short format.