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A comprehensive guide on how to successfully invoke the Azure CosmosDB REST API using Azure Active Directory (AAD) authentication in PowerShell. Learn troubleshooting tips and a complete working script solution!
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How to Invoke Azure CosmosDB REST API in PowerShell Using AAD Authentication

Are you looking to query your Azure CosmosDB database using the REST API while ensuring optimal security through Azure Active Directory (AAD) authentication? If you're facing challenges with authentication and getting unauthorized errors, you’re not alone. In this guide, we will walk you through the process and provide you with a step-by-step solution.

The Problem with REST API Calls

If you've attempted to query a CosmosDB collection using PowerShell and AAD authentication, you may have encountered the frustrating (401) Unauthorized error. This typically indicates that your authentication details are missing or incorrect. Let's take a look at the fundamental problem:

Scenario: You need to authenticate using AAD since master key authentication is restricted in your organization.

Common Error: Many users receive a (401) error when the authentication token is not properly retrieved or formatted.

Understanding AAD Authentication

Before diving into the solution, let's clarify how AAD authentication works with Azure CosmosDB:

AAD Roles: Make sure you have the proper role assignments in place. You must belong to a group or have a service principal with roles assigned to access the CosmosDB resources.

Token Acquisition: The first step is to acquire an access token using AAD to authenticate your request when making REST API calls.

Solution: A Complete Working Script

To resolve the (401) Unauthorized error and successfully invoke the CosmosDB REST API, we will update the script by using the Get-AzAccessToken command with the correct ResourceUrl. Below is the complete PowerShell script that has been tested and is ready to use:

Step-by-Step PowerShell Script

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Explanation of Key Changes

Usage of Get-AzAccessToken: Ensure you’re obtaining a valid token using the resource URL for your CosmosDB instance.

Properly formatted request URL and Query: Ensure your query is structured correctly to interact with your CosmosDB collection.

Final Note

With the script provided, you will be able to leverage Azure Active Directory authentication to securely access your Azure CosmosDB via the REST API. If you encounter any errors, refer to the exception handling block in the script, which will give you meaningful feedback on what went wrong.

Feel free to adapt the script as per your requirements, ensuring the resource names accurately reflect your Azure setup!