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Title: Virilize

Virilize: To cause a female to develop male characteristics such as a deepened voice, an increase in body and facial hair, a decrease in breast size, an enlargement of the clitoris, and male-pattern baldness. Background Males produce hormones called androgens that cause them to develop typically male characteristics such as hair on the face and chest, muscular arms and legs, and a voice of low or medium pitch. Females produce hormones called estrogens that cause them to develop typically female characteristics such as a smooth face and chest, less muscular arms and legs, and a voice of higher pitch. Both males and females also produce small amounts of hormones of the opposite sex--that is, males produce some estrogens, and females produce some androgens. Cause The cause of virilization in most cases is an excess of male hormones in a female. This excess of male hormones is associated with the following: (1) the use of anabolic steroids (which contain androgens) to build strength and muscle mass; (2) congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of inherited disorders characterized by an enzyme defect that results in enlarged adrenal glands and increased production of androgens; and (3) tumors of the ovaries, adrenal glands and testes that produce androgens. However, isolated symptoms of virilization can sometimes occur independently of increases in hormone production. For example, in a condition known as idiopathic hirsutism, excessive hair growth occurs in women even though hormone levels remain normal. Idiopathic means of unknown origin or cause. Hirsutism means hairiness. Thus, in idiopathic hirsutism, excessive hair growth develops from an unidentified cause.

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