Darcy’s Law Ground Water: Direction & Flow Amount (Laminar Fluid Flow; Reynolds number)|Hydrogeology

Credits: T. Prabhakar Clement, Director, Center for Water Quality Research; Professor of Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, USA - http://tpclement.weebly.com/
Reference: Fetter, C.W., Applied Hydrogeology.

Dr. Manishika Jain explains Darcy’s Law Ground Water – Direction & Flow Amount (Laminar Fluid Flow; Reynolds number)|Hydrogeology

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Head is a measure of the total mechanical energy per unit weight.
Hydraulic head gradient is 𝑑ℎ/𝑑𝑙
K is hydraulic conductivity
What happens if the head gradient is too steep? The fluid will have enough energy to accelerate in spite of the resistance of the grains, and inertial forces become important. In this case potential energy (head) is not dissipated linearly with distance and Darcy’s Law does not apply.
Notice that Darcy’s Law starts to fail when inertial effects are important, even through the flow is still laminar. It is not turbulence, but inertia and that leads to non-linearity. Turbulence comes at much higher velocities.
Darcy's law says that the discharge rate q is proportional to the gradient in hydraulic head and the hydraulic conductivity (q = Q/A = -K*dh/dl).
Laminar Flow @0:20
Turbulent Flow @0:50
Transient Flow @1:07
Laminar Fluid Flow @1:25
Reynolds Number @1:52
Henry Darcy @2:21
Direction @2:46
Head Gradient Slope @5:52
Amount of Flow @7:03
Darcy’s Law Not Applicable @8:56
Turbulent Flow @10:35
Darcy’s Law @10:46
#Elevation #Viscous #Inertial #Reynolds #Pressure #Parameter #Turbulent #Constant #velocity #Gradient #Manishika #Examrace #examrace #upsc #ugcnet