Скачать или смотреть 📘 The Oldest Book in the World, Bill Manley

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The book primarily discuss **ancient Egyptian literary and philosophical texts**, with a particular focus on **"The Teaching of Ptahhatp"**.

Here's a summary of the key concepts:

*"The Teaching of Ptahhatp"**: This text is considered by some to be **"the oldest book in the world"**. It is preserved in several manuscripts, the most complete being the **Papyrus Prisse**. Other important copies include **Papyrus London 1* and **Carnarvon Tablet 1**. The teachings cover various aspects of **wise living, ethical conduct, social interaction, and leadership**. The text emphasizes the importance of **listening, speaking truthfully and appropriately, humility, and learning from others' experiences**. The purpose of the "Teaching" is to educate and guide individuals towards ideal behavior.
*Other Ancient Egyptian Teachings**: The sources also mention **"The Teaching of Kagemni"* and **"The Teaching of Hordedef"**. Only fragments remain of these texts. "The Teaching of Kagemni" shares themes with Ptahhatp's teaching, such as **moderation and the importance of learning from a teacher**. "The Teaching of Hordedef" focuses on **preparing for death and the funerary cult**.
**Writing and Books in Ancient Egypt**: Writing was a significant technology in ancient Egypt, dating back to at least 3250 BC. The Egyptians used **hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts**. The concept of a "book" in ancient Egypt was different from the modern codex; it primarily referred to **papyrus scrolls**. Collections of these early books have been found in tombs. The act of writing was associated with **authority and remembrance**.
*Ancient Egyptian Philosophy and Creation**: The sources touch upon ancient Egyptian philosophical ideas, suggesting that **philosophy did not originate exclusively in classical Greece**. The final chapter of the book "The_Oldest_Book_in_the_World" discusses a sophisticated Egyptian account of **meaning as part of the natural physics of the world**, predating Aristotle. The **Shabaka Stone* provides an important account of *creation ("Why Things Happen")* rooted in the intentions and words of the creator god Ptah, emphasizing that **meaning is prior to physical creation**. This view contrasts with the concept of "being" in Western philosophy, focusing instead on "happening" and the present moment.
**Influence and Interpretation**: The significance of ancient Egyptian texts like Ptahhatp's teaching was recognized early on by scholars such as François Chabas. However, interpretations have been influenced by prevailing cultural and evolutionary theories, sometimes leading to underestimations of the sophistication of ancient thought. Modern understanding emphasizes the need to consider the original cultural context. The language of these texts can be complex, and translations aim for accuracy and accessibility for the modern reader.