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DC motors work by utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric current is passed through the coils of wire inside the motor (called the armature), a magnetic field is created. This magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets located within the motor, causing the armature to rotate.

In a brushed DC motor, the direction of the current flowing through the armature is periodically reversed using physical brushes and a commutator, which ensures that the motor continues to rotate in the desired direction. This design is simple and cost-effective but may require more maintenance due to the wearing of the brushes over time.

On the other hand, brushless DC motors use electronic controllers to automatically switch the direction of the current, eliminating the need for brushes. This results in smoother operation, higher efficiency, and longer lifespan compared to brushed motors.

Overall, DC motors are essential components in various applications due to their ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, making them crucial in the advancement of technology and innovation.