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Taxonomy & Systematics, Identification Nomenclature Artificial Natural & Phylogenetic Classification
Difference between Taxonomy and Systematics, Components of Taxonomy (Identification Nomenclature and Classification), Types of Classification (Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic Classification) Levels in Taxonomy (alpha, beta and gamma taxonomy) Branches and Phases in TAXONOMY, AIMS / OBJECTIVES / IMPORTANCES of TAXONOMY
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• The living world on this earth exhibits enormous diversity. Assessment of all kingdoms of life on earth predicts ∼8.7 million (87 lakhs) species globally, of which ∼2.2 million are marine. The results suggest that more that 70% of the species on earth and more than 80% in the ocean, still await description (Maro et al., 2011). Currently, around 2.1 million species as of 2024 of plants, animals, and microorganisms have been formally described (Natural history museum).
• Different regions use different local names, leading to miscommunication. For example, Pisum sativum is called Wan Dou in China, Nokhod-e-Farangi in Iran, Matar in India, and Green/ Garden pea in America, thus creating confusion when local names.
• To overcome confusion caused by local names, organisms are given standardized scientific names.
• Scientific names provide universal recognition and it is essential for identifying microorganism, plants and animals present on this earth.
• The science that deals with the identification, nomenclature (scientific names) and classification of plants is called Plant Taxonomy.


• The term taxonomy was coined by A. P. de Candolle in his book Theorie elementarie de la Botanique, in 1813. Carolus Linnaeus is known as the father of taxonomy and he coined the term systematics and written famous books; Systema Naturae (1735): Introduced the hierarchical system and established binomial nomenclature in 10th edition (1758), Species Plantarum (1753), Genera Plantarum (1737), Philosophia Botanica (1751). Hermenegild Santapau is known as the father of Indian taxonomy