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RAND researchers discuss the challenges of defining and governing dual-use space systems: technologies that can be used for peaceful purposes, such as for space debris removal, but could also be weaponized, such as in anti-satellite operations. The absence of a universally accepted definition for such a system poses major policy and governance challenges, especially given regional perspectives and national interests among spacefaring nations.

During the first year of the “Duality in Space” project, the RAND team brought together experts from the Americas, Eurasia, and the Indo-Pacific region to examine how commercial, civil, and defense sectors increasingly overlap in space activities. These experts highlighted issues, such as divergent approaches to governance mechanisms—from existing treaties to new cooperative frameworks. In addition, researchers conducted a literature review examining existing policies and what different regional actors think about those policies.

As the team moves into its next research phase, its aim remains to develop shared definitions and policy norms that can prevent misunderstanding and escalation in space, ensuring that this global commons is managed transparently and sustainably for the benefit of all nations.

For more information, please visit https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_re...