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Maps in Java:-
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In Java, a Map is an interface from the java.util package that represents a collection of key-value pairs.
It is used when you want to store data where each value is associated with a unique key, allowing you to retrieve values efficiently using those keys.

Key Characteristics of a Map
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Key-Value Pairs
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key-value pair is called as an entry
-Each entry in a Map consists of a key and a value.
-Keys are unique; values can be duplicated.
-No Duplicate Keys
-A Map cannot contain two entries with the same key.
-If you try to insert a duplicate key, the new value will overwrite the existing value.

Null Keys and Values
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-HashMap allows one null key and multiple null values.
-TreeMap does not allow null keys (throws NullPointerException), but it allows null values.
-Hashtable allows neither null keys nor null values.

Order of Elements
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-HashMap does not guarantee any order.
-LinkedHashMap maintains insertion order.
-TreeMap sorts keys in natural order or by a comparator.