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Innovative Farming options for Coastal degraded land:
The coastal regions of India are characterized by extremes in terms of both challenges and opportunities. The region is home to large population base; where significant of rural dwellers is poverty stricken. The agricultural areas under this region are subjected to flooding during rainy season; drought and salinity during the dry season, and cyclones. Low agricultural productivity and much of the poverty of the region has been attributed to soil and water salinity and flooding/water logging, which constrain cropping intensification and land productivity. To address these problems GEF funded National Agricultural Innovation sub-Project (NAIP) has been undertaken on ‘Strategies for sustainable management of degraded coastal land and water for enhancing livelihood security of farming communities during 2009-14. The project sites are located in disadvantaged areas in Sundarbans region of Ganges delta (West Bengal) and Tsunami affected Andaman & Nicobar Islands covering 32 villages in 12 Clusters in 4 districts (2 in West Bengal and 2 in Andaman & Nicobar Islands). About 349.58 ha of land in disadvantaged areas in Sundarbans and Andaman& Nicobar Islands has been converted from mono-cropped to multi-cropped with integrated crop and fish cultivation through implementation of different land shaping techniques like farm pond, deep furrow & high ridge, paddy-cum-fish, broad bed & furrow, three tire system, paired bed system and drainage improvement network. About 12,06,073 m3 water has been harvested. The cropping intensity has been increased up to 240% from a base level value of 100% due to implementing the land shaping techniques in the study area. The project has shown the path towards Eco-friendly and sustainable technologies for employment generation, enhanced rural livelihood security and socio-economic status through efficient use of natural resources in the Islands using the inherent potential.