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With 130 crore people, India has to overcome many challenges, prime among them is the responsibility of the state and central government to supply regular and safe drinking water to its citizens. Potable water means it has to be non-acidic with a pH value of 7 to 8, free from organic materials or chemical contaminants like fluoride and arsenic. The other issue is water availability, some 718 districts of our country are facing severe water depletion particularly of groundwater which supplies some 85% of drinking water in rural areas and 48 per cent of water requirements in urban areas.

To bring about water security to the rural areas the Government of India has embarked upon the Jal Jiwan Mission under which it is working with state governments and UT’s to supply drinking water in adequate quantity of prescribed quality on a regular and long-term basis across the nation by 2024. This project involves building large infrastructure to source, process and supply water across India’s large expanse.

However, the effort required to bring clean water to all citizens of India requires a massive effort from all segments of society – towards this end IIT Madras which is one of India’s leaders in scientific and technological research is working through its Start-up incubation centres to develop and manufacture various water technologies for harnessing water and processing clean potable water. In this episode of Science for a Self-Reliant India we travel to IIT Madras and look at two of these incubated start up’s – Vayujal Technologies Pvt Limited -which as the name suggests extracts atmospheric water – and the INNODI Water Treatment Private Limited which has developed a very innovative technology to treat groundwater which contains salts and toxins such as heavy metals and fluorides. This and much more on our special episode 'Innovations in Drinking Water' - only on India Science.