overview of azure ad tokens and access denied errors microsoft

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sure! in this tutorial, we'll cover the basics of azure active directory (azure ad) tokens, how they work, and how to handle access denied errors when working with microsoft azure services. we'll also include a code example to illustrate how to acquire an azure ad token and make an authenticated request.

overview of azure ad tokens

azure active directory (azure ad) is a cloud-based identity and access management service from microsoft. it allows you to manage user identities and create access policies for your applications. azure ad uses tokens to grant access to resources. the two main types of tokens in azure ad are:

1. **access tokens**: these tokens are used to access protected resources (like apis). they typically have a short lifespan (from a few minutes to a few hours).

2. **refresh tokens**: these tokens are used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again. refresh tokens generally have a longer lifespan.

token structure

tokens are typically formatted as json web tokens (jwt). a jwt consists of three parts:

**header**: contains metadata about the token, such as the signing algorithm.
**payload**: contains claims, which are statements about an entity (typically the user) and additional data.
**signature**: used to verify the authenticity of the token.

how to acquire an azure ad token

to acquire an azure ad token, you typically use the oauth 2.0 authorization framework. here's a high-level overview of the steps involved:

1. *register your application* in azure ad.
2. *obtain the necessary permissions* for your application.
3. *request an access token* using the client credentials or authorization code flow.

code example

in this example, we will use the microsoft authentication library (msal) for python to acquire an access token and call a protected api.

step 1: register your application

1. go to the azure portal.
2. navigate to "azure active directory" "app registrations."
3. click "new registratio ...

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Azure AD tokens
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Microsoft authentication
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