Скачать или смотреть Anemia in Kids: Everything You Need To Know

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:25 Types of Anaemia
0:27 Iron Deficiency Anaemia
0:50 Microcytic Anaemia
1:07 macrocytic Anaemia
1:20 Hemolytic Anaemia
1:34 Sickle Cell Anaemia
1:59 Thalassemia
2:07 Aplastic Anaemia
2:29 Symptoms of Anaemia in Kids
3:01 Causes of Anaemia in kids
3:21 Diagnosis for Anaemia in kids

Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin.[3][4] When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, and a reduced ability to exercise.[1] When anemia is acute, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst.[1] Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale.[1] Symptoms of anemia depend on how quickly hemoglobin decreases.[4] Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause.[1] Preoperative anemia can increase the risk of needing a blood transfusion following surgery.[5] Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe.[6]

Anemia can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown.[1] Causes of bleeding include trauma and gastrointestinal bleeding.[1] Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia and a number of bone marrow tumors.[1] Causes of increased breakdown include genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, and certain autoimmune diseases.[1] Anemia can also be classified based on the size of the red blood cells and amount of hemoglobin in each cell.[1] If the cells are small, it is called microcytic anemia; if they are large, it is called macrocytic anemia; and if they are normal sized, it is called normocytic anemia.[1] The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL).[1][7] Further testing is then required to determine the cause.[1][8]

A large number of patients diagnosed with anemia of chronic disease present with no active inflammation or dietary issues. These include many with reduced limb loading, such as spinal cord injured patients, astronauts, elderly people with limited mobility, bed-bound and experimental bed-rest subjects.[9]