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A. Role of Plinth Beam in Foundation

1. Load Distribution:
The plinth beam transfers superstructure loads from walls or columns to the foundation in a uniform manner, minimizing stress concentration.

2. Structural Integrity:
It acts as a horizontal tie beam at the plinth level, tying all vertical members (columns) together, enhancing the frame’s overall stability and resistance to lateral loads.

B. Structural Design Criteria

Minimum Dimensions:
Depth: Generally not less than 200 mm (site-specific; must be sufficient to cover reinforcement and maintain clear cover).

Width: As per structural requirement; usually matches wall thickness or architectural design.

Minimum M20 grade concrete is recommended for RCC works.

C. Reinforcement (as per IS 456 – Clause 26.5):

Minimum longitudinal reinforcement:

Not less than 0.2% of the cross-sectional area for HYSD bars.

Minimum number of bars:

At least two bars at the top and two at the bottom.

Transverse Reinforcement (Stirrups)

Minimum diameter: 8 mm for stirrups.
Spacing: Not more than 300 mm or as required by design and closer spacing at supports is common.


Clear Cover (Clause 26.4)

Minimum 25 mm or bar diameter (whichever is greater), usually 25–40 mm for plinth beams.