Supreme Court Examines Validity of Citizenship Act Section 6A| Indepth | Drishti IAS

A five-judge Constitution bench of the Supreme Court, on December 5, began hearing pleas challenging Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, which was introduced in the statute following the signing of the Assam Accord. Signed in 1985, between the Rajiv Gandhi government and the All-Assam Students’ Union, the Accord culminated a six-year-long agitation against the entry of migrants from Bangladesh into Assam. Crucially, the ongoing hearing by a bench headed by Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud will involve questions of citizenship, “illegal immigrants” and rights of “indigenous Assamese” citizens in Assam. The plea before the Constitutional bench challenges one of the core elements of the Accord — which determines who is a foreigner in the state. This was also the basis of the final National Register of Citizens in Assam, published in 2019.Clause 5 of the Assam Accord states that January 1, 1966 shall serve as the base cut-off date for the detection and deletion of “foreigners” but it also contains provisions for the regularization of those who arrived in the state after that date and up till March 24, 1971.Section 6A of the Citizenship Act was inserted as an amendment to accommodate this. It effectively establishes March 24, 1971, as the cut-off date for entry into the state, meaning that those entering the state after that would be considered “illegal immigrants”. While those who came to Assam on or after January 1, 1966, but before March 25, 1971, from Bangladesh will be detected as “foreigners”, they would have the opportunity to register themselves according to rules made by the Central Government. Except for being included in electoral rolls, they would be granted the same rights and obligations as Indian citizens for a period of 10 years from the date they were detected as foreigners. At the end of this ten-year period, however, they would be deemed citizens. The plea before the bench, while questioning the constitutional validity of Section 6A, wants 1951 to be established as the cut-off date for inclusion in the National Register of Citizens instead of 1971. The primary petitioner is the Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha (ASM) — an organization which says it advocates for the rights of “indigenous” communities of Assam.
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