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Types of Hajj
There are three types of Hajj: Tamattu’, Ifrad and Qiran.
1. Tamattu’ means entering ihram for ‘Umrah only during the months of Hajj (the months of Hajj are Shawwal, Dhu’l-Qi’dah and Dhu’l-Hijjah; see al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 7/62). When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaf and sa’i for ‘Umrah, and shaves his head or cuts his hair, and exits ihram. Then when the day of al-Tarwiyah, which is the 8th of Dhu’l-Hijjah, comes, he enters ihram for Hajj only, and does all the actions of Hajj. So Tamattu’ involves a complete ‘Umrah and a complete Hajj.
2. Ifrad means entering ihram for Hajj only. When the pilgrim reaches Makkah he performs tawaf al-qudum (tawaf of arrival) and sa’i for Hajj, but he does not shave or cut his hair and does not exit ihram, rather he remains in ihram until he exits ihram after stoning Jamrat al-‘Aqabah on the day of ‘Eid. If he delays the sa’i of Hajj until after the tawaf of Hajj, there is nothing wrong with that.
3. Qiran means entering ihram for ‘Umrah and Hajj both together. Or entering ihram for ‘Umrah first then including Hajj in that before starting the tawaf of Hajj. That is done by intending that his tawaf and sa’i will be for both Hajj and ‘Umrah.

The actions done in Qiran are the same as those done in Ifrad, except that the pilgrim doing Qiran has to offer a hadiy (sacrifice) whereas the pilgrim doing Ifrad does not.

Things to consider when entering ihram

The pilgrim who enters ihram for Hajj or ‘Umrah has to do the following:
1. He has to adhere to that which Allah has enjoined of religious laws, such as praying on time in congregation.
2. He has to avoid all that Allah has forbidden of obscene and immoral speech and sin, because Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):“So whosoever intends to perform Hajj therein (by assuming Ihram), then he should not have sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the Hajj.” [al-Baqarah 2:197]
3. He should avoid annoying the Muslims with his words or actions, at the holy sites and elsewhere.
4. He should avoid all things that are forbidden when in ihram :
So he should not cut anything from his hair or nails, but removing thorns and the like is fine, even if that results in some bleeding.
He should not apply perfume after entering ihram, either to his body, his clothes, his food or his drink. He should not wash with perfumed soap either. But if any traces of perfume remain from that which he put on before entering ihram, that does not matter.
He should not hunt.
He should not have intercourse with his wife.
He should not touch her with desire or kiss her etc.
He should not enter into a marriage contract for himself or arrange a marriage for anyone else, or propose marriage to a woman for himself or on behalf of another.
He should not wear gloves, but wrapping one’s hands with a piece of cloth does not matter.
These seven prohibitions apply equally to men and women.

Things forbidden to men in ihram

The following apply only to men:
Men should not cover their heads with something that stays on the head. Shading their heads with umbrellas, car roofs and tents, and carrying mats etc. (on one’s head, when moving them from one place to another), is acceptable.
They should not wear shirts, turbans, burnouses, pants or leather slippers, unless someone cannot find an izar (waist wrapper), in which case he may wear pants; and if he cannot find sandals he may wear shoes.
They should not wear anything that is akin to the above, such as abayas, cloaks, hats, t-shirts and the like.
It is permissible for men to wear sandals, rings, eyeglasses and hearing aids, and to wear wristwatches, or to put watches on strings around their necks, and to wear money belts.
It is permissible for them to wash with unperfumed soaps, and to scratch their heads and bodies, and if any hairs fall unintentionally as a result, there is no sin on them.

Things forbidden to women in ihram
Women should not wear niqab , which is what they use to cover their faces, with holes cut for the eyes. They should not wear the burqa’ either.
The Sunnah is for them to uncover their faces unless non-mahram men can see them, in which case they should cover their faces whilst in ihram and at other times.

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