Скачать или смотреть Boiling Water Reactor Power Plant Working | BWR | Nuclear Power Plants | Nuclear Reactor Basics

Boiling Water Reactor Power Plant Working | BWR | Nuclear Power Plants | Nuclear Reactor Basics
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A Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) is a type of nuclear power plant that generates electricity through the use of nuclear fission. It operates on the principle of boiling water directly in the reactor core to produce steam. Here's a basic overview of the working principles of a Boiling Water Reactor power plant:

Core and Fuel:

The reactor core contains fuel assemblies consisting of enriched uranium dioxide (UO2) pellets enclosed in metal fuel rods.
The fuel rods are arranged in a lattice structure within the core.
Moderator and Coolant:

The coolant and moderator in a BWR is ordinary (light) water.
The water not only absorbs the heat generated by nuclear fission but also moderates the neutrons to sustain the chain reaction.
Neutron Control and Power Regulation:

Control rods made of neutron-absorbing material, such as boron or cadmium, are used to control the number of neutrons and regulate the reactor's power output.
The control rods are inserted or withdrawn from the core to adjust the reactivity.
Nuclear Fission and Heat Generation:

Neutrons released during the fission of uranium nuclei initiate a chain reaction within the fuel rods.
As the fuel rods undergo fission, they release a large amount of heat energy.
Steam Generation:

The heat produced by nuclear fission is transferred to the coolant water, causing it to boil directly in the reactor core.
The resulting steam is a mixture of water and steam bubbles (steam-water mixture).
Steam Separation and Turbine:

The steam-water mixture flows upward and enters a steam separator located above the reactor core.
The steam is separated from the water, and the dry steam is directed to a turbine.
Turbine and Generator:

The high-pressure steam from the steam separator enters the turbine, causing the turbine blades to rotate.
The rotating turbine is connected to a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Condensation and Cooling:

After passing through the turbine, the steam is condensed back into water in a condenser.
Cold water from an external source, such as a river or cooling towers, is used to cool and condense the steam.
The condensed water is then pumped back to the reactor core to repeat the cycle.
Safety Systems and Containment:

Boiling Water Reactor power plants incorporate safety systems and containment structures to prevent accidents and mitigate potential hazards.
Emergency shutdown mechanisms, control systems, and various safety features ensure the safe operation of the plant.
Boiling Water Reactors are known for their simplicity in design and operation. They offer efficient use of fuel and have a reliable power generation record. BWRs have been widely used in commercial nuclear power plants to produce electricity for the power grid.
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