Robert Merton’s Theory of Deviance | Key Themes in Sociology | Episode 10 | ForumIAS

Merton’s theory of deviance/anomie is also called strain theory. For a captivating introduction the aspirant must mention when and where did Merton write about this theory for the first time.

This theory is about a praiseworthy sociological analysis of the relationship between culture, structure, and anomie. In the background of this theory is the ‘American Dream’ – an idea premised on a set of merit-based principles that assure the American people equality of opportunity irrespective of their class, ethnicity, and gender. Merton pointed out that not everyone could attain these goals with equal ease because the means were not available for everyone in equal measure. Merton uses ‘strain’ to refer to this discrepancy between cultural goals and institutionalised means. Merton’s strain theory is about tracing crime’s origins to this strain.

Merton helps us understand how cultural values that have desirable functions often contain or produce undesirable consequences. So his strain theory is a wonderful formulation of dysfunctions.

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