Class (57) = Tannin (Part 02) | Properties of Tannin (Physical and Chemical Properties )

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Definition
The name ‘tannin’ is derived from the French word ‘tanin’ (tanning substance) and is used for a range of natural polyphenols. Tannin are phenolic compound of sufficiently high molecular weight containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (i.e. carboxyls) to form effectively strong complexes with protein and other macromolecules under the particular environmental conditions. Tannins are astringent, bitter plant polyphenols that either bind and precipitate or shrink proteins.
The astringency from the tannins is that which causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of red wine, strong tea, or an unripened fruit.
The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hides into leather; however, the term is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecules. Tannins have molecular weights ranging from 500 to over 3000 dalton .

Physical Properties of Tannin
1. They are amorphous, non crystalline in nature
2. Soluble in Water, dilute alkali, alcohol and Glycerin and insoluble in organic solvent except acetone.
3. Tannin form colloidal solution with water
4. They have astringent taste
5. They combine with skin and hide to form leather.
Chemical properties of tannin
1. Tannin form precipitate with protein, gelatin, alkaloids etc.
2. They have antioxidants properties due to presence of polyhydroxy phenolic compound.
3. They have astringent properties
4. Tannin show color reaction with iron salt. Hydrolysable tannin show bluish black color with ferric chloride solution. Non-hydrolysable tannin (Condensed tannin) Brownish green color with ferric chloride solution.
5. They are precipitated by metallic salt like lead acetate, copper acetate, and potassium dichromate.

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