Скачать или смотреть Mild Hybrid vs Full Hybrid vs Plug-in Hybrid vs EV vs ICE + Best and Worst Models From Each Category

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What are mild hybrids?
A mild hybrid is essentially a combustion car equipped with an additional slightly larger battery, usually lithium-ion, and an electric motor. The batteries are either 24 or 48v usually smaller than 1kwh, they are often comparable in size and weight to a typical 12 volt lead-acid battery which is also still present in a mild hybrid vehicle, but the lithium-ion battery will usually have 5-10 times more energy. The alternator on a mild-hybrid is called an ISG or integrated starter generator. It’s a larger, more powerful, modified version of the traditional alternator but there are also instances where the ISG is packaged between the transmission and the engine and is actually integrated into the flywheel, essentially replacing it.

So what is the difference between a mild-hybrid and a proper hybrid like a Toyota Prius? The main difference is that in a mild hybrid the electrical system is too small and thus is unable to move the vehicle on electric power alone.

A hybrid, often called a full hybrid or self-charging hybrid is just that, a hybrid of combustion and electricity, relying on both of these power sources to operate, and is often capable of traveling on either of these two power sources alone but at the same it time it doesn’t need to be plugged into the electricity grid to recharge.

If we say that a typical mild hybrid is 48v and 0.5 to 1kwh battery capacity then a typical hybrid has a 200-300 volt and 1-2.5 kwh capacity. The result is that a full hybrid can move the vehicle on electric power alone, with the range typically being just a few kilometers of slow-speed travel.

Hybrids can be split into two main categories series and parallel.

In a true series hybrid the engine is never connected to the wheels and thus cannot drive them. Instead the engine simply acts as a generator, using it’s rotation to create electricity which is then used to recharge the batter and/or drive the electric motor. True series hybrids are actually very rare on the market. The only currently available mainstream example of a non-plug-in series hybrid that I know of are Nissan e-power vehicles.

On the other hand in a parallel hybrid both the engine and the electric motor drive the wheels, they can combine their power or drive the wheels individually resulting in more flexibility and higher peak power. So how do we manage how much power each of these sources transfers to the wheels? This is done by the transmission which is the key component of a full hybrid vehicle and there are two main approaches. The first one is a planetary gearset, famously mainstreamed by Toyota in their hybrid vehicles.

For a more traditional and direct driving feel we have the other mainstream approach to parallel hybrids which is to take an electric motor stator and rotor and integrate them into an existing automatic transmission design, either dual clutch or with a torque converter. In this system there is only one electric motor needed and we retain the traditional, more sporty gear-based driving feel.

Plug-in hybrids are very easy to explain but can be very difficult to rate. In terms of anatomy, a plug-in hybrid is super easy to explain. It’s just like the parallel hybrid we already covered. The only difference is that in the plug-in hybrid the batteries are much larger and the motors more powerful so they can cover much greater distances at higher speeds on electric power alone. Some new plug-in hybrids have a range of 100km or more. But with increased battery size also comes the need to charge them externally and buying a plug-in hybrid is not a good idea if you do not have access to reliable charging at home or work.

Finally, we are fully electrified and that can only mean one thing….Real range anxiety! Hmm, maybe not. I think that most people overestimate the importance of range for their driving. How often do you really need to cover a large distance in one day? Is it really every week or is it actually once per year when you go on holidays? Accurate answers to questions like this are key when deciding whether a purchase of an electric car will make sense for you. It’s all about buying a car for 90% of your driving rather than buying a car for a once-per-year scenario.

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#d4a #hybrid #ev

00:00 What is a Mild Hybrid?
02:44 Difference between Mild Hybrid and Full Hybrid?
04:01 How do full hybrids work?
05:04 Series vs Parallel Hybrids
06:49 Toyota Hybrid Planetary Gears vs Automatic Transmission Integrated E-motors
10:06 Full Hybrids vs Plug-in Hybrids
11:31 A problem with Plug-in Hybrids
14:31 How to Make the Most of an EV?
18:18 How to Escape EV Depreciation
19:46 Combustion only trends and reliability issues