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Kirchhoff’s Laws – Short Description (2 Marks)
Kirchhoff’s Laws were given by Gustav Kirchhoff. These laws are used to analyze electric circuits and are based on the principles of conservation of charge and conservation of energy.
1️⃣ Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):
The total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction.
2️⃣ Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):
The algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop is zero.
Key Words: Junction rule, Loop rule, Conservation laws, Circuit analysis.
Bridge
When no current flows through the galvanometer, the bridge is said to be balanced.
Condition for Balance:
(or)
Derivation (Using Kirchhoff’s Laws)
Applying KCL at the junctions and KVL in the loops:
When the galvanometer shows zero deflection, current through it is zero.
Therefore, potentials at the two junction points are equal.
By applying KVL to the two loops and simplifying, we get:
Thus, the unknown resistance can be calculated.
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