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RISK FACTORS FOR A PTERYGIUM

• Sunlight exposure – pterygia are more common in populations near the equator and in people who spend a lot of time outdoors in hot weather. Excessive exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is thought to be the cause.
• Dusty or sandy environments – long-term exposure in dry and windy locations is thought to contribute to the development of the condition.
• Age – risk increases with age. Estimates suggest that about 12% of Australian men over 60 years have the condition.
• A combination of factors – pterygium may be caused by a number of the above factors working in combination.

PREVENTION OF A PTERYGIUM

Protection of your eyes from the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight is always important. Wearing UV-protecting sunglasses and a wide brimmed hat may be beneficial in preventing the development or progression of a pterygium.

TREATMENT FOR A PTERYGIUM

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Options may include:
• Protection against ultraviolet radiation – if the pterygium is small, painless and not causing vision problems, you may be advised to wear a hat and sunglasses when outdoors. Protecting the eyes from ultraviolet radiation tends to stop or slow down the pterygium’s growth. Wraparound sunglasses are recommended as they shield the eyes against ultraviolet light shining in from the sides of the face.
• Drops or ointments – to treat minor irritation or to lubricate and soothe the cornea. For severe inflammation, an eye specialist may prescribe a short course of steroid eye drops. These medications only ease symptoms and are not a cure.
• Surgery – is the only treatment that can remove a pterygium. Your optometrist may refer you to an ophthalmologist. It is preferable to remove the pterygium before it grows across the cornea and impacts your vision. Otherwise, it may scar the cornea and cause permanent vision problems. A pterygium can also be removed for cosmetic reasons. The optometrist will check your pterygium every 1-2 years to make sure it is not increasing in size.

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