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Biomedical Research and the Veterinary Technician Courtesy of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science This material is copyrighted. If you wish to edit/use this material, please contact AALAS for permission at [email protected].
,Who I Am and Who We Are … ,What IS Biomedical Research? Area of science that investigates the biological process and the causes of disease.
Researchers use this knowledge to discover medications, surgical techniques , medical devices and therapies to prevent, treat, and cure diseases and conditions in humans and animals. ,Value of Biomedical Research Vaccines for Small Pox, Polio, and Measles (to name only a few), open heart surgery, bone marrow transplants, the wide-range of life-saving antibiotics, are all the product of biomedical research.
Continued research is needed to discover treatments for new diseases, like Avian Flu and Ebola, to search for better treatments for diseases and health conditions like cancer and asthma, and to find a cure for diseases like diabetes, AIDS, and cancer. ,Various types of research In vitro
From the Latin meaning “in the glass”
Ex vivo From the Latin meaning “out of the living”
In vivo From the Latin meaning “in the living”
Pre-clinical and clinical trials are examples ,Myths About Animal Research The animals most commonly used for research are cats, dogs, and primates.
,Rats and Mice 95% Cats, Dogs, and Primates Other Species ( fish, frogs, insects, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, 4.25% sheep, pigs, etc.) 0.75% Animals used in Research
,“Other Species” Contributions Pigs
Plastic and reconstructive surgery
Cardiovascular research Organ transplant techniques Sheep Pregnancy research
Fetal alcohol syndrome Vaccines for anthrax Joint reconstruction Horses Diphtheria
Tetanus (lockjaw) Chinchillas Hearing
Vaccine for cholera Sleep research Ferrets
Influenza Virus
Reproductive research Canine distemper Toxicology Research Cows Smallpox vaccine
Organ transplant techniques Armadillos Leprosy
Chickens Tuberculosis
Pneumonia Leukemia ,The Annual Numbers in Perspective ,Myths About Animal Research Most animal research is unnecessary; the same things could be learned by using computers or other non-animal methods.
,The Three “Rs” Basic principles for good laboratory animal welfare and for a steady reduction in the need for animal testing
,Alternatives to Animal Research Alternative Methods are used whenever possible
Alternatives are not always a substitute ,Who Regulates Animal Research? Are there enough real laws or regulations to protect research animals?
,The Use of Animals in Research is Covered by More Federal Agencies, Laws, Regulations, and Oversight than Clinical Trials Using Humans Federal Regulations USDA Animal Welfare Regulations The Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 89-544) and subsequent amendments (9 CFR, Parts 1-3) Public Health Service (PHS) Policy The Health Research Extension Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-158) FDA The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1979 FDA Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Standards (CFR 21, Part 58) How Are Animals Protected
,Animal Welfare Act Regulates the use of most mammalian and avian species in research
Requires research facilities using regulated species to register with the USDA Registered facilities must have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for administering, inspecting, and enforcing the AWA ,Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) All Protocols (studies) using USDA-covered species must receive IACUC approval before they can be conducted.
The IACUC reviews and approves or rejects protocols, and conducts facility inspections. ,The FDA One of the nation’s oldest consumer protection agencies
Agency within the Department of Health and Human Services Requires ALL new drugs, medical devices, chemical compounds be tested on animals before moving on to human tria