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📜 *Joint-Stock Companies: How the VOC & EIC Invented the Modern Corporation*

Discover the fascinating origin story of modern capitalism! This video explores how two revolutionary companies — the Dutch VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) and the British East India Company (EIC) — invented the joint-stock corporation and transformed global trade forever.

🌍 *What You'll Learn:*
• The world before joint-stock companies and the risks of early global trade
• How the VOC launched the world's first IPO in Amsterdam (1602)
• The revolutionary concept of publicly traded shares and limited liability
• The British East India Company's founding (1600) and evolution
• Financial innovations: dividends, stock exchanges, corporate governance
• The massive global impact on capitalism and colonialism
• How these 17th-century companies created the template for modern corporations
• The dark legacy of colonial exploitation and unchecked corporate power

💰 The VOC became history's richest company (valued at $7+ trillion adjusted for inflation) and created the Amsterdam Stock Exchange — the world's first stock market. Together with the EIC, these companies pioneered concepts like shareholder ownership, professional management, and continuous capital that every modern corporation uses today.

From Apple to Toyota, every publicly traded company follows the blueprint created 400+ years ago in Amsterdam and London. This is the untold story of how two trading companies changed economic history forever.