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“Describe animal tissue through which viruses can be grown (animal tissue culture used for viral cultivation).”

Here’s a clear, detailed explanation, the way it’s usually expected in exams 👇

Animal Tissue for Viral Cultivation (Animal Tissue Culture)
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they cannot grow on artificial media. They require living animal tissues or cells to multiply. One of the most important methods for growing viruses is animal tissue culture.

What is Animal Tissue Culture?
Animal tissue culture is the technique of maintaining and growing living animal cells outside the body under controlled laboratory conditions. These living cells provide the machinery needed for viral replication.

Types of Animal Tissue Used for Viral Growth
1. Organ Culture
Whole organs or small pieces of organs are maintained in culture.

Structure and function of the tissue are preserved.

Example:

Tracheal tissue → Influenza virus

Advantages:

Closely resembles natural infection

Disadvantages:

Difficult to maintain

Limited lifespan

2. Explant Tissue Culture
Small pieces of animal tissue are placed in a nutrient medium.

Cells migrate out from the tissue and multiply.

Used for growing certain viruses like pox viruses.

3. Cell Culture (Most Important Method)
Cells are separated from tissues and grown as monolayers.

(a) Primary Cell Culture
Obtained directly from animal tissues (e.g., monkey kidney cells)

Cells divide only a limited number of times

Highly sensitive to viruses

Example:

Polio virus

(b) Diploid Cell Lines
Derived from human embryonic tissues

Have a normal chromosome number

Can divide up to 50–100 times

Example:

Human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38)

Used for vaccine production

(c) Continuous Cell Lines
Cells that can divide indefinitely

Often derived from cancer cells

Example:

HeLa cells

Vero cells

Used for growing:

Measles virus

Rabies virus

How Viruses Grow in Animal Tissue
Virus attaches to host cell

Virus enters the cell

Viral replication occurs using host machinery

New virus particles are released

Infected cells show cytopathic effects (CPE) such as:

Cell rounding

Cell lysis

Syncytium formation

Importance of Animal Tissue Culture
Diagnosis of viral diseases

Vaccine production

Study of viral structure and replication

Testing antiviral drugs

In short:
Animal tissue culture provides living cells that allow viruses to multiply, making it essential for virology research and medical applications.

If you want this shortened for exam answers, or with diagrams, tell me the level (school / college / nursing / MBBS) 😊



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