By early sixteenth century,the power and prestige of the Delhi Sultanate had declined considerably. This had given rise to numerous regional kingdoms. Thus, politically, India was in a state of disarray and disunity. It was at such a time that the Mughals conquered India and established a strong empire.
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Babur (1526-1530)
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He was a descendant of Timur and Chenghiz Khan. He belonged to a small kingdom called Farghana in Central Asia. When he was eleven years old, his father, Umar Sheikh Mirza, passed away. He ascended the throne and tried to conquer Samarkand. He failed and in the process lost Farghana. Babur was thus a king without a kingdom.
After being driven out of Farghana by the Uzbeks, Babur conquered Kabul in 1504. At this time, Ibrahim Lodi ruled over the Delhi Sultanate. Daulat Khan Lodi, the governor of Punjab, and Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, wanted to depose Ibrahim Lodi.
They invited Babur to invade India, thinking that after defeating Ibrahim Lodi, he would return to Kabul, leaving the Sultanate in their hands) Babur, who had heard about the fabled wealth of India, thought that it was a good opportunity to expand his kingdom.
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⚔️Battles⚔️
✔️The First Battle of Panipat — In 1526, Babur met Ibrahim Lodi in Panipat. This was the First Battle of Panipat. The Lodi army was many times bigger than that of Babur's. Babur, however, had a battle-hardened cavalry and an efficient artillery. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi and conquered Delhi and Agra.
✔️Battle of Khanua — Babur's decision to stay on in
India angered Rana Sanga. He led a large army against Babur. The forces of Rana Sanga and Babur met at the Battle of Khanua in 1527. Babur's superior artillery and military tactics led to the defeat of Rana Sanga.
✔️Battle of Ghaghara — In 1529, Babur defeated the Afghan chiefs in the Battle of Ghaghara.
These three battles secured Babur's position in northern India.
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📋Autobiography📋
Babur was not just a brilliant general. He was also an accomplished poet and a writer. His autobiography is called Tuzuk-i Baburi or Baburnama In it, Babur has described the physical features, climate, animals, birds, flowers, fruits and other details of the places he visited. He has described the life of the people. He has also written about his own life.
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🎯Achievements🎯
Besides his military successes, Babur has many other achievements to his credit.
★ He introduced the concept of garden-palaces in India. He laid out gardens in Agra, Sikri and Dholpur.
★He introduced a new mode of warfare in India. He showed how the combined use of artillery and cavalry could turn the fate of battles.
★He re-established the prestige of the king. None of his nobles could aspire to be his equal Babur died in 1530. Since he ruled for a very short period, he could not consolidate the empire that he had established. The task of consolidation fell on his son, Humayun.
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Chapter
0:00 Intro
0:10 The Coming Of Muslims
1:30 Babur Mughal Empire
5:38 Battles in Babur Life
8:00 Autobiography Of Babur
8:44 Achievements
11:15 Outro
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