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Chandrayaan-3 (/ˌtʃʌndrəˈjɑːn/ CHUN-drə-YAHN) is the third mission in the Chandrayaan programme, a series of lunar-exploration missions developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[7] Launched on 14 July 2023, the mission consists of a lunar lander named Vikram and a lunar rover named Pragyan, similar to those launched aboard Chandrayaan-2 in 2019.Chandrayaan-3 was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 14 July 2023. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on 5 August, and the lander touched down near the lunar south polar region[8] on 23 August at 12:33 UTC, making India the fourth country to successfully land on the Moon, and the first to do so near the region of the lunar south pole.[9][note 1] On 3 September the lander hopped and repositioned itself 30–40 cm (12–16 in) from its landing site.[13]

The Vikram lander and Pragyan rover were set to sleep on 2 September and 4 September respectively due to depleting solar power with sunset at the landing site. The lander and rover are planned to start working again at local sunrise on September 22.[14][15]During the days of the British Raj, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states.[18] Between 1917 and 1939, some people of Manipur pressed the princely rulers for democracy. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to continue to be part of the Indian Empire, rather than part of Burma, which was being separated from India. These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II in 1939. On 11 August 1947, Maharaja Budhachandra signed an Instrument of Accession, joining the new Indian Union.[19][20] Later, on 21 September 1949, he signed a Merger Agreement, merging the kingdom into India, which led to its becoming a Part C State.[21][22] This merger was later disputed by groups in Manipur, as having been completed without consensus and under duress.[23] The dispute and differing visions for the future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in repeated episodes of violence among ethnic groups in the state.[24] From 2009 through 2018, the conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.[25]

The Meitei people[26] represent around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by various Naga ethnic groups at 24% and various Kuki/Zo tribes (also known as Chin-Kuki-Mizo people) at 16%.[27] Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.[28] According to 2011 census, Hinduism and Christianity are the major religions of the state.[28][29] Between the 1961 and 2011 censuses of India, the share of Hindus in the state declined from 62% to 41%, while the share of Christians rose from 19% to 41%.[30]

Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal international airport, the second largest in northeastern India.[31] Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of Manipuri classical dance,[32] and is credited with introducing polo to Europeans.[33]
Chandrayaan-3 is the third and most recent Indian

lunar exploration mission under the Chandrayaan

programme of ISRO. It consists of a lander named

Vikram and a rover named Pragyan similar to those

of the Chandrayaan-2. Its propulsion module acts

like an orbiter.