Congenital Heart Disease – Cardiology | Lecturio

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► In this detailed lecture, Dr. Joseph Alpert, M.D. offers an essential overview of congenital heart disease (CHD), focusing on its common forms, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, can affect both children and adults, with some cases only being detected later in life. This video covers critical CHD categories, including:

🔵 Atrial Septal Defects (ASD): A hole in the septum (wall) between the right and left atria, leading to left-to-right blood shunting. This means oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium flows into the right atrium, increasing the workload on the right side of the heart and lungs. ASDs can lead to heart enlargement, arrhythmias, and, if untreated, pulmonary hypertension.

🔴 Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD): A hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles. VSDs allow left-to-right shunting of blood, causing the right ventricle to work harder. If large, they can result in heart failure or pulmonary hypertension due to the increased blood flow to the lungs.

🟢 Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): A persistent opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, a vessel meant to close after birth. If it remains open, oxygen-rich blood from the aorta flows back into the lungs, leading to heart strain, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, heart failure.

🟡 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases (e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot): These are defects that result in poor oxygenation of blood, causing a blue or cyanotic appearance due to a lack of oxygen. Conditions like Tetralogy of Fallot consist of multiple defects, including ventricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a displaced aorta. These often require early surgical correction.

⚙️ Obstructive Lesions (e.g., aortic and pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta): These involve narrowing of blood vessels or valves, restricting blood flow. Aortic stenosis causes the left ventricle to pump harder, leading to hypertrophy. Pulmonary stenosis affects the right side, while coarctation of the aorta leads to increased pressure in the arms and head but low blood flow to the lower body. Treatment often involves balloon catheterization or surgical repair.

Through clear explanations and expert guidance, you’ll learn how these heart abnormalities disrupt blood flow and how they are identified, managed, and treated, including surgical interventions and catheter-based therapies. This lecture provides valuable insights for medical students, professionals, and anyone interested in pediatric and adult congenital heart disease.

► THE PROF:
Your lecturer is Joseph Alpert M.D. He is Professor of Medicine at the Sarver Heart Center as well as Director of Coronary Care and Medical Director of Cardiac Rehabilitation at the University of Arizona. Additionally, he is a member of the most important cardiologic institutions such as the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. Because of his outstanding teaching proficiency he is board certified in internal medicine and cardiovascular disease and has won many teaching awards such as the George W. Thorn Award for Excellence in Teaching, the William Osler Master Teacher Award, and the Edward Rhodes Stitt Award for Outstanding Teaching. Furthermore, he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the Clinical Cardiology Council of the American Heart Association and was selected “Gifted Teacher of the Year” in 2004 by the American College of Cardiology.

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Disclaimer: Lecturio offers educational content for healthcare students to prepare for exams and/or to review knowledge gained at a Medical School. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment suggestions. Our resources are strictly for educational purposes. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical concerns.

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