Скачать или смотреть "discuss"and explain the process for estimating the quantity of sanitary sewage.(10 marks)sangh 2082

1. Introduction (2 marks)

Sanitary sewage is the wastewater generated from domestic, commercial, and industrial uses which includes water from toilets, kitchens, bathrooms, laundries, etc.
For the design of sewerage systems, estimating the quantity of sewage is very important to determine the size of sewers, treatment plants, and disposal units

2. Factors to be Considered (2 marks)

When estimating sewage, the following factors are considered:

Population – present and future (usually 30–50 years design period).

Rate of water supply – since 80–90% of supplied water becomes sewage.

Per capita sewage generation – about 100–200 liters per person per day depending on lifestyle.


Peak factor – maximum flow is higher than average, so peak factor (2.0–3.0) is applied.

Infiltration and storm water
3. Process of Estimating Sanitary Sewage (5 marks)

The estimation generally follows these steps:

Population Forecasting

Predict future population using methods like arithmetic increase, geometric increase, incremental increase, etc.

Per Capita Water Consumption

Assume water supply (e.g., 150 liters per capita per day).

Percentage Contribution to Sewage

Normally 80% of water supplied is taken as sewage discharge.

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Peak Flow Estimation

Average flow is multiplied by a peak factor (2 to 3) to get maximum sewage flow.

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4. Conclusion (1 mark)

Thus, the quantity of sanitary sewage is estimated based on population forecast, water consumption rate, and conversion percentage, further corrected with peak factor and infiltration. This ensures proper design of sewerage systems and treatment plants
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Small percentage (5–10%) is added for groundwater
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