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Components of Food - Class 6 Science Chapter 1

Hello students! Welcome to my YouTube channel. In today's video, we will be learning all about the components of food from Chapter 1 of your Class 6 NCERT Science textbook. This is an important topic as it explains the nutrients present in different foods and how they are vital for our body. Let's get started!

Main Nutrients in Food:

The major nutrients present in our food are:

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

Our meals also contain dietary fibers and water which are essential for our body.

Carbohydrates are found in rice, wheat, vegetables, fruits etc. They are the main source of energy for our body.

Proteins help in building muscles, bones, hair, skin and repair the wear and tear of body parts. Foods like pulses, milk, eggs and meat provide proteins.

Fats also give energy to our body. Foods like butter, ghee and oils contain fats.

Vitamins protect us from diseases and keep eyes, skin bones and gums healthy. Fruits and vegetables provide vitamins.

Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and iron are needed in small amounts but they help in various body functions. Milk and green vegetables are sources of minerals.

Role of Different Nutrients:

Now let's look at the functions of these nutrients in more detail:

Carbohydrates provide energy needed for daily activities and exercise. Our brain also needs glucose which comes from carbs.

Proteins build new tissues and muscles. They are important for growth during childhood and repair of injury.

Fats provide cushion to organs, insulate the body and absorb vitamins. They provide more energy as compared to carbs.

Vitamins have different roles. Vitamin A keeps eyes and skin healthy. Vitamin C helps absorb iron and fights infections. Vitamin D strengthens bones as it helps absorb calcium.

Minerals like calcium and phosphorus are needed for strong bones and teeth. Iron carries oxygen to all cells. Iodine helps in proper functioning of the brain and metabolism.

Balanced Diet:

To remain active and healthy, our diet must contain all nutrients in the right amounts along with adequate fiber and water. Such a diet is called a balanced diet. Requirements may vary with age, gender and activity levels. For example, growing children need more protein.

Deficiency Diseases:

In the long run, inadequate amount of nutrients can cause deficiency diseases like:

Lack of vitamin D causes rickets in children where bones become soft and bent.

Absence of vitamin C leads to scurvy characterized by bleeding gums and wounds.

Anemia occurs due to insufficient iron which reduces hemoglobin in blood.

Iodine deficiency causes goiter, enlargement of the thyroid gland.

So it's important we eat a balanced diet with a variety of foods to prevent deficiencies. This should give you a good understanding of the components of food and their significance. Feel free to ask any doubts in the comments!


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