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The History of the Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize is one of the most coveted prizes that any one well known in any field of activity would love to adorn in his/her abode. Here we look at the origin of this foundation and how it has grown over the years to cover every field of activity.
Alfred Nobel was a pacifist and inventor. He had tutors at home and was proficient in many languages in addition to be a greatly rated chemist.
He invented dynamite little thinking this would change the course of the world and its effect would be felt to this day. In 1888 when his brother dies a French newspaper inserted an obituary in his name calling him “the merchant of death”. This deeply impacted him and then he made a will instituting the Nobel Prize.
Alfred Nobel bit by the travel bug went to Paris and the US and returned to Russia to work in his father’s factory. He continued to do so till his father couldn’t continue the business.
Being a chemist Nobel worked on nitroglycerine and created his first explosion as early as 1862.
Very soon he received a patent for his percussion detonator from the Swedish government and called it the Nobel lighter.
He moved back to Sweden with his father and set up a factory there producing nitroglycerine. Producing this was a difficult task and his factory blew up soon after killing many including his brother.
This setback did not deter him and soon there were other factories producing the same. He also improved on it and produced dynamite a safer to handle explosive.
Alfred told Bertha von Suttner, an advocate for world peace,
My factories may make an end of war sooner than your congresses. The day when two army corps can annihilate each other in one second, all civilized nations, it is to be hoped, will recoil from war and discharge their troops. *
He did not live to see peace during his life time but when his will was opened people were shocked to see 94% of his earnings had been donated to the Nobel Foundation to be set up to give prizes to eminent people in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace.
The will created a number of problems and opened up a hornet’s nest. Many questions had been left unanswered by him and it took 5 years for the first set of Nobel prizes to be given away. An Economics prize was added and all these are given away in Sweden except the peace prize given away in Oslo Norway at a separate ceremony.
The Peace Prize has the inscription for the peace and brotherhood of men while the other prizes have in them inventions enhanced life which is beautiful through art. Not more than three people can share the prize. No award is given posthumous unless the person dies after the award is announced.
Malala Yousufzai is the youngest to be awarded the prize and Pierre and Madam Curie between them have won more prizes than others.
It is worth remembering that an advocate of peace in his lifetime saw strife and thought it necessary that he should be remembered for the right reasons and institiuted the Nobel Prize. #theopenbook #Education #Educationalvideos #Studyiq #learn #Cbse #icse #ssc #generalknowledge