Скачать или смотреть Characteristics of Gymnosperms!

Gymnosperms are the plants with naked seeds (not enclosed in fruit).

Meaning: "Gymnos" = naked, "sperma" = seeds

They are the vascular plants with well-developed xylem and phloem.

Features:
Dominant phase = sporophyte.
Produce seeds but no fruits (seeds are exposed on cone scales).
Ovules are naked, borne on megasporophylls forming cones.
Generally woody perennials (trees or shrubs)
Heterosporous: produce microspores (male) and megaspores (female).
Fertilization → siphonogamy (pollen tube carries male gametes).
Examples: Pinus, Cycas, Ginkgo, Ephedra.

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