PNST/ANM CHEMISTRY LEC.-02 विलयन

SARTHAK ACADEMY BALAGHAT
A solution in chemistry is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent). The solute is typically a solid, liquid, or gas, while the solvent is usually a liquid.

Characteristics of a solution:

1. Homogeneous: Uniform composition throughout.
2. Stable: Doesn't separate into its components over time.
3. Soluble: Solute dissolves completely in the solvent.

Types of solutions:

1. Liquid solutions (e.g., sugar in water)
2. Solid solutions (e.g., alloys like brass)
3. Gaseous solutions (e.g., air, a mixture of gases)

Key terms:

1. Solute: The substance being dissolved.
2. Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute.
3. Concentration: The amount of solute per unit volume of solution.
4. Saturation: The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent.

Examples of solutions:

1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) in water (aqueous solution)
2. Oxygen (O2) in air (gaseous solution)
3. Copper (Cu) in gold (Au) (solid solution, alloy)

Solutions are essential in various fields, including chemistry, biology, medicine, and industry, for applications like:

1. Chemical reactions
2. Medicinal formulations
3. Cleaning agents
4. Food processing
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