Скачать или смотреть Part 7: Human Excretory System: Morphological Structure of Kidney

The major organs of the human excretory system include: Kidney-2, Ureters-2, Urinary bladder- 1 and Urethra -1.
The kidneys are the primary excretory organ of this system and perform most of the filtration and purification processes.
Location and Position of the Kidneys
• A pair of kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column, extending from 12th thoracic vertebra to 3rd lumbar vertebra.
• They lie in the abdomen cavity, behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal).
• The right kidney is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver.
• Each kidney receives blood from the renal artery and drains into the renal vein.
External Morphology of the Kidney
• Shape: Bean-shaped, reddish-brown organ.
• Size: Around 10–12 cm long, 5–7 cm wide, and 2–3 cm thick.
• Surfaces: Convex outer surface and a concave inner border.
• Hilum: A vertical opening on the inner side where the renal artery, renal vein, ureter, lymphatics, and nerves pass.