সুন্দরবনের অজানা উদ্ভিদরহস্য। Mysterious Plant of Sundarbans | ** The Largest Mangrove Swamp**
Located in the Padma, Meghna, and Brahmaputra River basins, Sundarbans covers the southwestern districts of Bangladesh, and the North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India.
60 percent of it is in Bangladesh and 40 percent in India.
The world’s largest mangrove forest Sundarbans was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997.
Despite being famous as a Ramsar site, it is believed that the Sundarbans got its name from the abundance of Sundri trees.
The flora of the Sundarbans is divided into three groups based on the salinity of the water, freshwater flow level, and land structures.
The specialty here is, almost all plants can tolerate salt
These trees can easily stand on soft soil in strong winds and currents, due to having numerous roots.
Also, the roots remain unharmed despite being constantly submerged in tidal water.
Indian Mangrove, Mangrove Apple, Sundri and Cedar Mangrove trees have aerial roots.
Black Mangrove and Tora trees have special glands to release excess salt.
Garjan, Milky Mangrove, and Garan trees have stilt roots to support them in soft soil.
These trees differ from the trees of other regions in terms of survival, fruit, flower, and leaves.
Sundri, Garjan, and Oriental Mangrove trees grow in relatively low-salinity areas.
Milky Mangrove and Garan grow in high-salinity areas.
Mangrove Date Palm grows in highlands.
Indian Mangrove, Cedar Mangrove, and Cannonball Mangrove forests can be seen in the newly emerged lands.
Mangrove Apple tree is also available which provides food for wildlife.
Mangrove Date Palm, Nypa Palm thickets, and Tiger Ferns are the wonders of this forest.
The Tiger Fern leaves resemble Bengal Tiger’s skin color.
The tiger often uses this fern as cover while hunting.
The Nypa Plam is one of the plants of Sundarbans.
The leaves of this tree are used in house roofs, and delicious molasses are made from its juice
The livelihood and economy of the coastal area are intertwined with the ecosystem and biodiversity of the Sundarbans.
The Sundarbans maintain the ecosystem, protect it from natural disasters, and over 3.5 million people rely on the Sundarbans' flora directly or indirectly.
The Sundarbans, as the lungs of Bangladesh, absorb about 662 cr. tons of carbon dioxide.
The green belt of trees here is highly effective at resisting the strong winds of cyclones.
Concerningly, hundreds of tree species in the Sundarbans are threatened by natural disasters and man-made problems.
In a 200-year-old British survey, the forest area was estimated to be more than 17,000 square kilometers but has now shrunk to 10,000 square kilometers.
If this situation continues, we will eventually lose this unique wonder of trees.
With proper maintenance and raising public awareness, the natural beauty and biodiversity of Sundarbans can be conserved.
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