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understanding ftps vs sftp: a comprehensive tutorial

when it comes to securely transferring files over the internet, two popular protocols are ftps (ftp secure) and sftp (ssh file transfer protocol). although both protocols serve the same purpose of secure file transfer, they differ in architecture, security mechanisms, and use cases. this tutorial will explain the differences between ftps and sftp and provide code examples for both.

1. overview of ftps and sftp

ftps (ftp secure)

**definition**: ftps is an extension of the file transfer protocol (ftp) that adds support for the transport layer security (tls) and the secure sockets layer (ssl) cryptographic protocols.
**ports**: typically operates over ports 21 (control) and 990 (implicit ftps).
**authentication**: supports username/password and certificate-based authentication.
**mode**: can operate in two modes: explicit ftps (where the client requests security) and implicit ftps (where the connection is secured from the start).

sftp (ssh file transfer protocol)

**definition**: sftp is part of the ssh (secure shell) protocol suite and provides a secure way to transfer files over a secure connection.
**ports**: typically operates over port 22.
**authentication**: supports username/password and public key authentication.
**mode**: operates over a single connection (no separate control and data channels).

2. key differences between ftps and sftp

| feature | ftps | sftp |
|------------------|----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
| protocol layer | application layer (built on ftp) | application layer (built on ssh) |
| security | uses ssl/tls for encryption | uses ssh for encryption |
| ports | uses multiple ports (21, 990, etc.) | uses a single port (22) |
| firewall friendly ...

#FTPS #SFTP #windows
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