Скачать или смотреть Plant Breeding Lecture 03: Plant Genetic Resources or Germplasm [English & Bangla]

প্লান্ট ব্রিডিং লেকচার 03: প্লান্ট জেনেটিক রিসোর্সেস বা জার্মপ্লাজম
• Genetically transferable good variability or characteristics are genetic resources.
• It is also known as Germplasm.
• 5 elements of Germplasm-
1. Land races
2. Obsolete varieties
3. Cultivated lines
4. Breeding lines
5. Wild forms and relatives
1. Land races
It is rich with genetic variability, cultivated without justification, adapted with local climate and usable with rich gene pool.
2. Obsolete varieties
It is not cultivated at present due to some agricultural weakness. E.g. K-56, K-68, Ph-591 variety of wheat.
3. Cultivated lines
It is cultivated at present, rich with agricultural qualities and good for plant breeding work.
4. Breeding lines
It is homogeneous population and rich with valuable genes, nearly homogeneous lines, mutant lines & transgenic lines etc.
5. Wild forms and relatives
• Wild forms are wild species and able to produce hybrid-fertile varieties by crossing with present crop species.
• Wild relatives are related with ancient species.
• Both species has resistance to disease and environmental stress such as drought, coldness, salinity etc.
• On the basis of cultivation, germplasm are of 2 types-
1. Cultivated germplasm
2. Wild germplasm
• On the basis of location, germplasm are of 2 types-
1. Indigenous germplasm
2. Exotic germplasm
Collection of Germplasm
• All kinds of races should be collected.
• Place of collected materials are known as Gene Bank.
• This process has 2 steps-
• (a) Exploration &
• (b) Procurement.
Exploration of Germplasm
• Visit for collection of all kinds of cultivated forms with wild forms & wild related species of a definite crop species.
• Collection areas- specially centre of origin and related areas.
• Sampling site- must have definite species.
• Sampling preference- includes endangered varieties.
• Sampling method- random & selective
• Sample size- includes 50-100 plants and 2500-5000 seeds.
• Field record- must be kept
Procurement of Germplasm
• Collection & preservation by related agencies such as research organization, seed-seller person or organization.
• Germplasm cab be imported by 3 ways- purchase or gift, exchange and exploration.
• Packaging is different for seeds, pollens and propagules.
• Quarantine is important at port.
• Use after evaluation.
National Gene Banks
Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI)
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI)
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA)
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI)
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research & Training Institute (BSRTI)
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI)
Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI)

Germplasm World Collection
International Maize & Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT)
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
International Centre of Tropical Agriculture (ICTA)
International Potato Centre (IPC)
International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA)
International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Evaluation of Germplasm
• Following Characters are important for evaluation-
1. Morphological
2. Physiological
3. Biochemical
4. Pathological
5. Entomological
6. Ecological
• IPGRI- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome- formulated guidelines to evaluate germplasm.
Conservation of Germplasm
• 2 types- in situ and ex situ conservation
• In situ means in natural habitat such as National Park, Biosphere reserve, Gene sanctuary etc.
• In situ is good for viability, biodiversity and evolution.
• Sometimes in situ is bad due to human activities.
• Ex situ has 5 systems- Gene bank, Plant Bank, Shoot tip Bank, Cell & Organ Bank & DNA Bank
Use of Germplasm in Plant Breeding Program
1. Commercial uses- New variety and Hybrid variety.
2. Rescue of expected varieties
3. Use as donor line-
a. Resistance to disease, insects & stress
b. Special structure such as dwarfness, male sterility etc.
c. Qualitative characters
4. Future reproductive material
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