Скачать или смотреть Alternating Current Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Free Classnotes | AC Complete Revision By Rishabh Sir

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Introduction to Alternating Current, Direct Current, EMF, Current Equations and Basic AC Circuits
Alternating Current
An alternating current or voltage is one whose magnitude changes continuously with time between zero and a maximum value and whose sense of flow reverses periodically. An alternating current varies sinusoidally. Electric generator and power plants produce alternating current or AC.
Safe to transfer over longer distances and can provide more power.
The frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending upon the country.
It reverses its direction while flowing in a circuit.
It is the current of magnitude varying with time.
Obtained from AC generator through mains.
Direct Current
When a battery is connected to a circuit, the current moves moves steadily in only one direction, from positive terminal to negative terminal. This is called a direct current or DC.
Voltage of DC cannot travel very far until it begins to lose energy.
The frequency of Direct current is zero.
It flows in one direction in the circuit.
It is the current of constant magnitude.
Obtained from cell or battery.
Peak Value
The maximum value of alternating quantity(i or V) is called its peak value or amplitude.


Mean Square Value
The average value of instantaneous values in one cycle is called mean square value. It is always positive for one complete cycle.
Root Mean Square (rms) Value of AC/Effective/Virtual
For an alternating current (AC) or voltage that follows a sinusoidal waveform, the root mean square (RMS) value is commonly used to represent the effective or equivalent value. The RMS value is calculated by taking the square root of the mean of the squares of the instantaneous values over a complete cycle.
Mean or Average Value
The mean or average current can be calculated based on the time-dependent current and voltage waveforms. For periodic waveforms like sinusoidal AC, the average values are zero. However, for time-varying but non-periodic waveforms, the average values can be calculated using integration.
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