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Founded during the 9th century in the southern Italian city of Salerno, the Schola Medica Salernitana was the first and most important medical school in Western Europe. It was here that Greek and Arabic medical texts were first translated into Latin before being copied and disseminated across the continent. One of the most popular and influential of these texts was the Tractatus de herbis, a pharmacopeia consisting of 524 chapters combining the knowledge of various other works concerning the medicinal uses of substances derived from plants, animals, and minerals.
An exceptionally artistic #manuscript of the work originating from Italy ca. 1300 is stored under the shelf mark Egerton 747 in the British Library. It is the oldest surviving and probably the original manuscript of the Tractatus de herbis and for the first time since Late Antiquity, the #illustrations of the plants appear to be based on direct observation, probably from a botanical garden. These #miniatures have no equal among contemporary works of art – not even panel paintings and murals from the period can rival them.

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