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Czech art history encompasses the rich tapestry of visual arts that originated and evolved within the Czech Republic and its predecessor states over the centuries, providing a fertile ground for notable artists whose works will be discussed in detail later. The narrative of Czech art begins in the distant past, marked by significant prehistoric remnants, epitomized by the renowned Venus of Dolní Věstonice. This statuette, representing the eponymous nude goddess and dating back to between 29,000 and 25,000 BC, is a testament to the region's early artistic expression, particularly in Czech Celtic art.

As the years progressed, Czech art often mirrored the artistic influences of neighboring Austria and Germany, adapting and integrating their styles, movements, and trends. Notably, this cultural assimilation led to the growth and development of various art forms within the Czech territory, birthing masterpieces by artists of international acclaim. The evolution of Czech art saw the rise of Gothic, Art Nouveau, Cubism, and Surrealism, all of which have been somewhat eclipsed by the surge of Czech nationalism. This nationalist movement, gaining momentum from the 19th century, has left an indelible mark on all forms of Czech art.

Despite the overshadowing influence of nationalism, this exposition aims to delve into the significant epochs and milestones of Czech visual arts. The journey through Czech art history will unfold chronologically, beginning with the Gothic era and culminating in the period of Surrealism, highlighting the distinctive contributions and transformations within each artistic period.