Electron Transport chain Animation USMLE Step 1 : Dr G Bhanu Prakash

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash  
📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr
📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash

Electron donors
--------------------------
NADH (from glycolysis) is transferred into the mitochondrial matrix via the malate-aspartate shuttle orglycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
FADH2 is produced by succinate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle

Protein complexes: located within the inner mitochondrial membrane
The electrons from NADH and FADH2 move along specific complexes of the electron transport chain via redox reactions until they are transferred to oxygen.
NADH enters the electron transport chain at complex I, whereas FADH enters at complex II.

Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)
Transfers two protons (H+) and two electrons (e-) to coenzyme Q
NADH → NAD+ + H+ + 2 e-
Pumps four protons into the intermembrane space

Complex II (contains succinate dehydrogenase )
Transfers two protons (H+) and two electrons (e-) to coenzyme Q
FADH2 → FAD + 2 H+ + 2 e-
Does not pump protons into the intermembrane space

Complex III (coenzyme Q)
Transfers two electrons (e-) from coenzyme Q to two molecules cytochrome c
Reduced coenzyme Q (QH2) + 2 H+ + 2 oxidized cytochrome c → oxidized coenzyme Q + 4 H+ + 2 reduced cytochrome c
Pumps two protons (H+) into the intermembrane space
Two protons are released into the intermembrane space by coenzyme Q

Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)
Reduces oxygen (O2) to water (H2O) via cytochrome a/a3 (Cu/heme protein)
2 reduced cytochrome c + ½ O2 + 4 H+ → 2 oxidized cytochrome c + H2O + 2 H+
Pumps two protons (H+) into the intermembrane space
The transfer of electrons powers the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space → creates an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane → powers the ATP synthase
Transfer of 4 H+ back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase (complex V) → phosphorylation of 1 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) → 1 adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

#electrontransportchain #etcanimation #drgbhanuprakash #biochemistryanimations #electrontransportchainanimation #usmle #usmlestep1 #uworld #neetpg #fmge